Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 4 | Page : 14-24

Mesial movement of maxillary first molars and vertical dimensional changes in orthodontic extraction treatment for patients with different facial morphology

Abdurahman Alwadei1 , Farhan Alwadei2 , Ali Alfarhan3 , Madhur Upadhyay4 , Saleh Alwadei5

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2&5Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia, 3 Teaching assistant, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, 4 Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics (L-7060), Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Corresponding author:

Abdurahman Alwadei ,

King Saud University, College of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Building #23, 1st Floor, Room 17 P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,

Phone: (+966) 531937982 ,

Email: aalwadei@ksu.edu.sa.

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Primarily, to compare anchorage loss and changes in mandibular plane (MP) angle, overbite, and amount of horizontal, vertical, and angular movements of maxillary incisors in groups of hypodivergent, hyperdivergent, and normodivergent patients. Secondarily, to analyze the relationship between those factors.

Methods:

Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 89 patients treated with extraction of four bicuspids or two maxillary bicuspids were analyzed. The sample was divided into three groups based on their facial pattern measured by SN-MP angle (hypodivergent: < 270 , hyperdivergent: >380 , and normodivergent: 270 -380 ). Linear and angular measurements included the distances of U1 tip and U6 mesial height of contour to Y-axis (i.e., line perpendicular to the X-axis, passing through Sella turcica), distance of U1 tip to Sella on X-axis, overbite, angulation of U1 to palatal plane, and SN-MP and ANB angles. Inferential statistics included one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

Results:

Facial morphology did not primarily affect anchorage loss, because other factors such as crowding, severity of Class II molar relationship, and extraction modality played more impactful role (P< 0.01). Change in mandibular plane angle was neither influenced by, nor correlated with, initial facial morphology or anchorage loss (P> 0.05). Positive change in overbite was significantly correlated with facial pattern, incisor extrusion and retroclination (r= 0.30, 0.44, and -0.35, respectively, P< 0.01).

Conclusion:

Anchorage loss in extraction orthodontic treatment is not influenced primarily by initial facial morphology. Anchorage loss is not significantly associated with MP angle reduction. Change in overbite can be achieved through incisor extrusion and retroclination. Key Words: Facial pattern, Anchorage loss, Extraction effects, vertical dimension.

Key Words: Facial pattern, Anchorage loss, Extraction effects, vertical dimension.

DECLARATION OF INTERESTS

The authors have no conflict of interest.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

The authors have no external source of funding to declare

How to cite this article: Alwadei, A., Alwadei, F. ., Alfarhan, A., Upadhyay, M. ., & Alwadei, S. (2022). Mesial movement of maxillary first molars and vertical dimensional changes in orthodontic extraction treatment for patients with different facial morphology: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(4), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i4.618

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 4 | Page : 1-13

Assessing the cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera aqueous and ethanolic extract against oral pathogens extracted from periodontal and orthodontic patients – an in vitro study

Shanmugapriya Ramamurthy1 , Sheeja Varghese2 , Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan1 , Mahesh Kumar3 , Mayma Nathasha4 , Jeyaram Palinivel4

1Sri Venkateswara Dental College & Hospital, The TamilNadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, India, 600 130, Research Scholar, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 6000077. 2Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 6000077. 3Karpagavinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chengalpattu (DT) 603 308, 4Consultant Orthodontist,

Address for Correspondence

Dr.Shanmugapriya Ramamurthy

Sri Venkateswara Dental College & Hospital, The TamilNadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, India, 600130,

Email Id: drshanpriya@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background:

Periodontitis is the result of inflammation caused due to the activity of microorganisms. The prevalence of anaerobic organisms is more when it comes to periodontal pockets and orthodontic patients. Plants with phytochemicals that could exert antimicrobial effects could aid in host modulation for management of periodontitis caused by these bacteria in periodontal and orthodontic patients.

Aim:

To assess the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL) and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of MOL.

Materials and methods:

Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts were prepared by maceration. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and microorganisms were cultured in anaerobic environment. The microorganisms were treated with the extracts and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was assessed. The cytotoxic effects were assessed by brine shrimp assay.

Results:

Aqueous extract showed antimicrobial effect in dose and time dependent manner and both extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose and time dependent manner.

Summary and Conclusion:

The antimicrobial effect of MOL could be utilized to develop a nature derived local drug delivery system for treating plaque induced periodontitis in different clinical situations.

Key words: anaerobic organism, anti-microbial, cytotoxicity, dental plaque, Moringa oleifera Lam, periodontitis.

Conflict of interest:

No conflict of interest among authors in this study.

Sources of Funding:

Nil

How to Cite this Article: Assessing the cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Moringa Oleifera aqueous and ethanolic extract against oral pathogens extracted from periodontal and orthodontic patients – An In vitro study. Int J Orthod Rehabil.,13(4):1-13.

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 48 - 56

UTILIZING WHATSAPP APPLICATION TO VERIFY WIRE BENDING EXERCISES DONE BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS - A PROSPECTIVE SURVEY

Siddharth Sonwane, Shweta RK

1,2 Government Dental College, Nagpur.

Address for correspondence.

Siddhart Sonwane

57 B, Empress Mill Colony, Rameshwari Road, Nagpur.

Email id –siddharth5678@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: E-learning platform can be utilized to improve pre-clinical practical skills. Millions undergraduates are active users of WhatsApp platform and this can be used for learning and evaluation.

Objectives: The study's goals and include using WhatsApp to reinforce pre-clinical wire bending exercises among undergraduate dental students and assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of this platform among them.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a nine-month period and included 79 final-year BDS students from Mansarovar Dental College in Bhopal. The research was divided into three three-month sessions. An examination of similar questions of 10 MCQ and 10 Likert questions was conducted at the beginning and end of each session. A WhatsApp group called "Let's Learn Wire Bending" was formed, and digital images of wire bending exercises with step-by-step instructions and clinical benefits were posted. WhatsApp discussions about each appliance were held for three months, and at the end of the third month, an offline examination was held using the first question paper set, and student progress was evaluated.

Statistical analysis: Shapiro-Wilk’s test was applied for evaluating normality of samples distribution, and in non-parametric data obtained from the Likert’s score was converted into mid-point data analysis, and comparison between groups. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess acceptability.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between before-session test results and after-session test results with a p-value less than 0.001. Likert feedback questionnaire revealed that students enjoyed this method of teaching.

Keywords: Wire bending, Dental education, WhatsApp, Pre-clinical

Source of Funding:

None

Conflict of Interest:

None

How to cite this article : Sonwane, S., & RK, S. (2022). UTILIZING WHATSAPP APPLICATION TO VERIFY WIRE BENDING EXERCISES DONE BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS - A PROSPECTIVE SURVEY: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.602

Case Series

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 34-47

MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II MALOCCLUSION WITH TWIN FORCE BITE CORRECTOR: A CASE SERIES

Suvetha Siva1 , Aravind Subramaniam Kumar2 , Shreya Kishore3 , Aadhirai Gopinath4

1,3,4Senior lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, SRM dental college, Ramapuram, Chennai, 2HOD & Dean, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai

Corresponding Author:

Dr. Suvetha Siva, MDS, M.Orth RCPS (Glasg)

Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai.

Email Id: suvethas1@srmist.edu.in

Abstract

Class II malocclusion is one of the most commonly occurring conditions, and the component mostly involved is mandibular retrognathism. The treatment modalities include both removable and fixed appliances. The advantage of fixed functional appliances is that it is not dependent on patient compliance. Various fixed functional appliances are available such as rigid, flexible, and hybrid. The present case series discusses a hybrid type of fixed functional appliance, i.e. Twin Force Bite Corrector appliance in three cases: A 15‑year‑old female patient with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism, a 14‑year‑old male patient with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism, and a 14‑year‑old female patient with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism. The effects produced by this appliance are similar to the conventional fixed functional appliances such as Forsus, Herbst, and also it has a distinct advantage of quick chair-side fabrication and simple design

Key words: Class II malocclusion, retrognathism, Twin Force bite corrector appliance

SOURCES OF FUNDING:

None to declare

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare

How to cite this article: Siva, S., Subramanian, A. K., Kishore, S., & Gopinath, A. (2022). MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II MALOCCLUSION USING TWIN FORCE BITE CORRECTOR: CASE SERIES. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(3), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.514

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 22-33

Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan 1 , R.Sudhakar2 , A. Sumathi Felicita3 , K. Manikandan4 , Vidhya Selvaraj5 1 Professor, 5 Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara dental College and Hospital 2 Assc Professor, Dept of Pathology , Panimalar medical college, Hospital & Research Institute 3Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha dental College 4 Professor, Dept of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital

Address for Correspondence:

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan,

Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals Chennai – 600103,

Email: gopkr_uma@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Aim:

The present bibliometric analysis was conducted to find the evidence regarding microbial corrosion in dentistry since corrosion by whatever means affect the intraoral performance of the metallic appliances.

Materials and methods:

Material and methods: Dimensions software was used to search for published literature pertaining to the keywords “microbial corrosion” AND “dentistry”. Two reviewers assessed the articles in terms of year of publication, authors, country of origin, journal of publication, and the affiliated institutions of the authors as well as their collaborations and the most cited publications.

Results:

The search revealed a total of 3,118 articles between the years 2000 to 2022. The number of publications was on the rising pattern with a spike between 2004-2007, again with a small spike between 2014 and 2016 and then a steep increase from 2017 onwards.  The publications were almost equally split between Engineering science and Medical Sciences. United States topped the list of countries with 378 documents with total link strength of 106224. Sao Paulo University topped the list in terms of organizations with total link strength of 12722. The journal of Anatomia Histologia Embryologia topped with 136 publications followed by Materials with 94 publications. Valentim from Brazil topped the authors with 22 publications.

Conclusion:

Microbial corrosion is needs equal concentration as any other forms of intraoral corrosion given that oral cavity is loaded with huge varieties of microorganisms with some of them known to cause microbial corrosion like sulfate reducing bacteria. The recent decline in research and publications in this field especially in 2022 is concerning. More studies are needed to learn more on microbial corrosion and its effects in dentistry.

Keywords: microbial corrosion, dentistry, sulfate reducing bacteria

Source of Funding :

None

Conflict of Interest:

None

How to cite this article: Gopalakrishnan, U., R, S., Felicita, S., K, M., & Selvaraj, V. (2022). Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry: Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(3), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.482

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 10-21

Evaluation and comparison of copper and zinc ion release from copper-oxide and zinc-oxide nanoparticles coated orthodontic brackets- An In vitro Study

Nausheen Mobeen1,Sangeetha Duraisamy 2,K.Ravi 3

1Post Graduate,2 Professor,3 Dean and HOD,SRM Dental College,Ramapuram, Chennai

Corresponding author:

Dr.NausheenMobeen,M.D.SPG,

Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram

Email-nausheenmobeen@gmail.com

Phone number-9952922347

Abstract

AIM :

To evaluate the release of zinc and copper ions from zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles coated orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva under Invitro condition.

METHODOLOGY :

Thirty six metal brackets were coated with copper oxide (group A) and zinc oxide (group B ) nanoparticles using spray pyrolysis method  and bracket was randomly selected  and assessed under scanning electron microscope. The nano-coated brackets with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Group A and B) were bonded on the extracted first premolar tooth with standard protocol and immersed in artificial saliva at pH of 6.5.  The nanocoated brackets were analysed for ion release using atomic absorption spectrometer  at four different time intervals baseline, day 7, day 14, and day 21 under invitro condition.

RESULT:

The highest concentration of zinc ion released from the zinc oxide and copper oxide  nano coated brackets in the artificial saliva was on the 7th day and the quantity of zinc ion released was well below the levels that are toxic to humans throughout the study period.

CONCLUSION:  

The concentration of zinc ions released zinc oxide nano coated brackets was significantly greater than the concentration of copper ion released from the copper oxide nano-coated brackets in the artificial saliva under similar experimental conditions.

Keywords:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, ion release, nanomaterials.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

None

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

There is no conflict of interest.

How to cite this Article: Mobeen, N., Duraisamy, S., & K, R. (2022). Evaluation of the Ion release from nanoparticles coated orthodontic brackets - In vitro Study: Original research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(3), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.288

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 1-9

EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF LOAD DEFLECTION RATE OF FOUR INITIAL ORTHODONTIC ARCH WIRES: AN IN VITRO STUDY

ChoudaryD1, JnaneshwarPR2, KannanR3

1Private Practice, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh2Professor, 3Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Poornima R Jnaneshwar BDS, MDS

Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Dental College,Ramapuram, Chennai-89.

Email-poorni01@gmail.com

Abstract

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the load-deflection rate of four different types of archwires used in initial stage of orthodontic treatment.

Materials and methods:

A modified three-point bending test was performed on the sample of 60 wires of superelastic Nickel Titanium(NiTi), everwhite esthetic NiTi, thermal NiTi and multistranded coaxial stainless steel (15 each). The load exerted by each of the wire was measured at the deflections of 2 mm and 4mm, subsequent unloading process at 37°C temperature.

Results:

Comparison of mean load-deflection values revealed that thermal NiTi wires had lowest value at both 2 and 4mm deflection when compared to other three wires which was statistically significant(p=0.009).  Superelastic and esthetic NiTi showed similar values of load deflection ratios at both the deflections where as co-axial wire showed 1.89N at 2mm and 5.22N at 4mm deflection.

Conclusion:

The heat-activated NiTi wires are acceptable in severe crowding and periodontally compromised patients. Multistranded co-axial wire is acceptable when we need minimal alignment; whereas esthetic NiTi wires can replace superelastic Niti based on patient’s need.

Keywords: Aligning archwires, Mechanical properties, unloading forces, esthetic archwire, load deflection rate.

Source of Funding:

None

Conflict of Interest:

None

How to cite: Jnaneshwar P R et al.Evaluation and Comparison of load deflection rate off our arch wires used in the alignment phase of fixed orthodontic treatment–An- In-Vitro study.Int J Orthod Rehabil 2022;13(3):01-09. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.18

Received: 09.06.2022 Accepted:17.08.2022 WebPublished: 06.09.2022

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 64-74

Expanding the concept of orthodontic camouflage for a skeletal Class II camouflage case through the use of skeletal anchorage system

Hasan Sabah Hasan 1. Ahmed Mohammed Samy Ahmed Said Ahmed Eysa 2, Mostafa Fathy Anwar Mahmoud 3,Mohamed A.Elkolaly 4

1 Specialist Orthodontist, Orthodontic Department, Khanzad Teaching Center Erbil, Iraq. 2 Clinical Supervisor, 3 Course Director Orthodontic Department, Hident Academy, Egypt. 4 Course director ,Orthodontic Department, Royal Dental Center, Alexandria, Egypt

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Hasan Sabah Hasan

Specialist orthodontist at orthodontic department of khanzad teaching center

General directorate of Hawler-Ministry of health/ Erbil-Iraq. hsh.ortho@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

This study aimed to report the treatment steps in a 26-year male patient, presented with a class II div 1 incisor relationship on a class II skeletal base with increased vertical proportions. The case was complicated by missing lower second premolars and retained lower second deciduous molars. Severe crowding was evident in the lower arch with mild crowding in the upper arch. The overbite and the overjet were increased. Scissor bite was evident in the left buccal segment. Treatment involved extraction of upper first premolars and lower second deciduous molars, utilizing moderate anchorage using a preadjusted edgewise fixed appliance (0.022’’ X 0.028”) with Roth prescription. Treatment duration was 20 months in total. The envelope of discrepancy specifies strict rules when camouflaging class II cases. The ability to retract incisors and the use of class II mechanics are within limited range to avoid damage to the periodontium. The current case report showed that the ability of the clinician to retract incisors using TADs could be carried out with high rate of success and safety.

KEY WORDS: Cl II div 1 Malocclusion, Overjet, En-Mass retraction, TADs

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest

How To Cite This Article: Hasan Sabah Hasan, Ahmed Mohammed Samy Ahmed Said Ahmed Eysa, Mostafa Fathy Anwar Mahmoud, & Mohamed A. Elkolaly. (2022). Expanding the concept of orthodontic camouflage for a skeletal Class II camouflage case through the use of skeletal anchorage system: Original Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.200

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 1 - 13

Prevalence of anaerobic microbiota in orthodontic patients – scoping review

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan1, Vidhya Selvaraj2, Arvindh Kathir3, Samala Abhinaya4, Rajalakshmi Thakshinamoorthy5

1Professor, 2Senior Lecturer, 3, 4, 5 Post graduate, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai

Address for Correspondence:

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan, MDS

Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals Chennai – 600103,

Email: gopkr_uma@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction:

Various appliances used in orthodontic treatment behave as plaque retentive sites which can harbor anaerobic microorganisms and this may be associated with a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases or induce a variety of other conditions. There are contrary reports regarding the increased load of anaerobes during orthodontic treatment. This review aims to analyze the orthodontic literature regarding the prevalence of anaerobes before, during and after orthodontic treatment.

Objective:

To analyze the literature on the prevalence of anaerobic microbiota and its relationship with orthodontics by using the keywords ―anaerobes‖ OR ―anaerobic microbiome‖ OR ―red complex bacteria‖ AND ―orthodontic‖ OR ―fixed appliance‖. The Pub med and Embase databases were searched till January 2022.

Results:

Orthodontic treatment increases the prevalence of anaerobic microbiota especially the orange and red complex bacteria. The removal of orthodontic appliances has shown a significant reduction in plaque along with the corresponding anaerobic pathogens.

Conclusion:

Proper maintenance of good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment is essential to reduce the anaerobic microbial load, thus diminishing the risk of periodontal problems.

Keywords: Anaerobes; Red complex bacteria; Orthodontic appliance;

Financial support and sponsorship - Nil

Conflicts of interest - There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite: Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan, Vidhya Selvaraj, Arvindh Kathir, Samala Abhinaya, & Rajalakshmi Thakshinamoorthy. (2022). PREVALENCE OF ANAEROBIC MICROBIOTA IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS – SCOPING REVIEW: Original research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.155

Received : 31.03.2022 Accepted:21.06.2022 Web Published: 30.06.2022

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 47-63

Rakosi Jarabak Analysis for the South Indian Population - A Cross-Sectional Study

H.Sruthi1, S. Aravind Kumar2, Arvind Sivakumar3

1 Post Graduate,2 Professor, 3Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College

Abstract

Background:

Rakosi jarabak analysis has been proved to be effective in predicting the facial growth pattern, morphological characters, reaction to various orthopedic approaches, and functional alterations. Most of these established cephalometric values are based on average values for the Caucasian population. Whereas cephalometric values vary among different populations and have shown variations among different ethnic groups, gender, and age. The objectives of this paper are to develop Rakosi Jarabak cephalometric norms for the South Indian population and compare the measures to values from other ethnic groups.

Materials and Method:

Facad software was used to track the lateral cephalograms of 100 non-growing patients from the South Indian population who satisfied our inclusion criteria. Nineteen craniofacial parameters of Jarabak’s analysis were measured.

Result:

A comparison between the males and females of the South Indian population showed a significant difference between the three parameters. Comparison of the south Indian male, female values, and overall values with established norms of various ethnic populations showed significant differences among various parameters.

Conclusion:

This study establishes the south Indian ethnic norms for Rakosi Jarabak analysis. The south Indian norms vary from caucasian norms showing significant ethnic .These differences need to be considered when analyzing the cephalogram . These values will help in customizing treatment plans based on ethnic norms.The study concludes that distivariationsnct sets of cephalometric norms should be developed for different ethnic groups in order to aid orthodontists and surgeons in optimising treatment plans based on local norms.

Keywords: 

Cephalometry; Ethnic group; India; Caucasians; Ethnicity;South Indian; Indian population.

How to cite:Sruthi H, S, A. K., & Arvind Sivakumar. (2022). Rakosi Jarabak Analysis for the South Indian Population - A Cross-Sectional Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.199

Received: 27.04.2022 Accepted: 20.052022 WebPublished: 25.06.2022

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 25-36

An In -Vivo Study to Evaluate the Force Decay of Three Different OrthodonticElastomericLigatures.

Dr.Shabeer Ali Parambil1, Dr.Sangeetha Duraisamy 2, Dr.Krishnaraj R3, Dr.Ravi. K4

1Registrar Orthodontist, AsterSanadHospital,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia2,3Professor,DepartmentofOrthodontics,SRM DentalCollege,Ramapuram,Chennai4Professor,HeadoftheDepartment,DepartmentofOrthodontics,SRM DentalCollege,Ramapuram,Chennai.

Abstract:

Aim & Objectives:

The aim of the in-vivo study was to evaluate the force decay of three different clear elastomeric ligatures at four different time intervals.

Materials and methods:

Ten patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with 0.019" x 0.025" SS arch wire placed passively in the lower arch were included. The three groups of clear elastomeric ligatures from three different manufacturers were placed on the specific lower incisor assigned to each. The force levels required to stretch the modules to a predetermined length of 4.1mm were evaluated at 0 hour, 24 hours, 7 days and 21 days after intra-oral use using a universal testing machine. One way ANOVA followed by Post hoc Tukey HSD was performed for within the group and between group comparisons.Paired T test was done for pairwise comparisons. (P value≤ 0.05)

Results:

The mean force level recorded were high for as received elastomeric ligatures in all the three study groups and all demonstrated a significant force decay over time. One way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the force levels recorded at different time intervals within and between the groups. Post Hoc Tukey HSD revealed a significant difference between the three groups at all the time intervals except at 7 days and 21 days for Group II and Group III samples. Paired sample T test for pairwise comparison of force exerted at different time intervals in all the three groups revealed a significant difference.

Conclusion:

Group I elastomeric ligatures exhibited significantly high mean force and less force decay compared to Group II and Group III samples. All the three ligatures exhibited significant force decay over time. Keywords: Elastomeric ligature, Force decay, Force degradation, Mechanical testing

SOURCE OF FUNDING

None

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

There is no conflict of interest.

How to cite this article:

Parambil, S. A. ., Duraisamy, S., R, K. ., & K, R. (2022). An In - vivo study to evaluate the force decay of three different orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. : Force decay of elastomeric ligatures . International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.520

Short Communication

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 14-17

Kilroy spring modification for Canine Dis-impactions utilizing a single archwire

Anand Marya1,2 , Ari Triwardhani2

1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh-12211, Cambodia. 2 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-60115, Indonesia

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Anand Marya,

Head of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

E mail: amarya@puthisastra.edu.kh

Abstract

The management of impacted canines is a complex task and requires a lot of time to guide them into the arch. In recent years the use of a Kilroy spring has become very popular and usually involves the use of a heavy main archwire and an auxiliary wire to guide the canine. In this case, a modified version of the Kilroy spring was fabricated on the main archwire, thereby reducing the need for a second auxiliary wire and allowing for the easy guidance of the impacted canine into its normal position into the arch.

Keywords:

biomechanics, Adult orthodontics, Limited outcome Orthodontics, Short term orthodontics, orthodontic appliance

Source of Funding

The study was self-funded.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to cite this article: Marya, A., & Triwardhani, A. (2022). Kilroy spring modification for Canine Dis-impactions utilizing a single archwire: Short Communication. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 14–17. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.513

Case Report

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 37 - 46

Characteristic Variants in Long Faces with Increased Anterior Facial Height

Lichi. A. Solanki1, Shantha Sundari K.K2

1Post Graduate, 2 Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College.

Address for Correspondence:

Lichi. A. Solanki

Post graduate student , Department of Orthodontics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Chennnai.

Email: lichisolanki17@gmail.com

Abstract

Facial characteristics are affected by facial proportions, growth pattern, facial heights, and smile of the patients. Long face syndrome usually presents with an increased lower anterior and total anterior facial height, a gummy smile, a hyperdivergent growth pattern and decreased facial height. However, there are many variations in the posterior facial height and the growth pattern. There can be patients having an increased anterior facial height with increased or average posterior facial height, or an average and reduced mandibular plane angle. This paper aimed at reviewing the various characteristic facial variants of an increased anterior facial height. This article reviews three such variants of an increased anterior facial height. It particularly highlights the variant with increased anterior and posterior facial height and the modification in the treatment of such cases. The most common treatment option for the normally occurring variant of hyperdivergent growth pattern with a reduced posterior facial height is surgical superior impaction of the maxilla. But, for the variant with increased posterior facial height with hyperdivergent growth pattern is not the same as following superior impaction, the mandibular autorotation will not be stable in such variants due to genetically engrammed strong muscular patterns.

Keywords: Anterior facial height; mandibular plane angle; gummy smile; hyper-divergent; Posterior facial height.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

There are no conflicts of interest.

GRANT SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE:

None.

How to cite: Lichi. A. Solanki, & Shantha Sundari K.K. (2022). Characteristic Variants in Long Faces with Increased Anterior Facial Height: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.198

Received : 27.04.2022 Accepted:20.05.2022 Web Published: 21.06.2022

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 18 - 24

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF DENTAL ARCH FORMS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Anjali Anna Thomas1, Navaneethan R2

1,2- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute Of

Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai – 600077.

Address for Correspondence:

Anjali Anna Thomas

Department of Orthodontics and Dento-facial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute Of Medical and Technical Sciences162, Poonamallee high road, Chennai – 600077

Email id: dranjali85400@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of this study was to do a 3-dimensional analysis of the upper and lower dental arch forms and compare the same between male and female South Indian subjects who were not previously treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consisted of 3D scans of dental casts from 50 untreated patients(25 males and 25 females) in permanent dentition. An assessment of the arch form was performed using angular and linear values on scans using a software(MEDIT).The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software and Student’s t test(2- tailed) was used to determine statistical significance of differences in measurements between the two groups.

Results:

In male subjects the intercanine, intermolar, interpremolar diameters and arch depth were significantly greater than females and there was a statistically significant difference (p value=<0.05).

Conclusion:

Ovoid arch form is commonly seen in both South Indian males and females followed by broader arch forms in males and tapered arch forms in females. South Indian males have wider arches when compared to females.

Keywords: Arch form, Arch width, Dental arch depth, 3D scan (MEDIT), 3 shape ortho analyzer software.

FUNDING

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

How to Cite this Article: Anjali Anna Thomas, & Navaneethan R. (2022). THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF DENTAL ARCH FORMS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION: ORIGINAL RESEARCH. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.120

Received : 25.04.2022 Accepted: 20.05.2022 Web Published: 14.06.2022

Case Report

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 36-39

LIMITED OUTCOME ORTHODONTICS- TWO CASE REPORTS

Mohamed Iqbal J 1, Dharshini V 2, Aruna V 3

1 Senior Assistant Professor, 2,3 Interns, Department of Orthodontics, TNGDC Hospital, Chennai

ABSTRACT

There is an increasing trend in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Visibility of braces and duration of treatment are factors detrimental to patients choice of having orthodontic treatment as well as their satisfaction with the outcome. Adult orthodontics is unique both in the treatment goals as well as tissue response. Realistic goals with adjuvant procedures and short duration of treatment are preferred. We present two cases of “Limited outcome orthodontics” in adult patients with localized malalignment, successfully managed within a very short duration of 5 months.

Keywords- Adult orthodontics, Limited outcome Orthodontics, Short term orthodontics

SOURCE OF FUNDING

The author of this review has no funding sources to declare.

How To Cite This Article:

Dharshini V, Mohamed Iqbal, & Aruna V. (2022). LIMITED OUTCOME ORTHODONTICS- TWO CASE REPORTS. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 36–39. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.3.

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 28 - 35

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ON MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE AMONG ORTHODONTISTS AND GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS

Monica K1, Abilasha R1 *, Pratibha Ramani1, Gheena S1, Reshma P K1

1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals,

Saveetha University, Chennai – 600077

Corresponding Author:

Dr Abilasha R,

Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai-600077, Tamilnadu, India.

Email: abilasha@saveetha.com

ABSTRACT:

Background:

Dental care facilities generate a high amount of Biomedical Waste (BMW) like sharps such as surgical needles, blades, wires, brackets, extracted teeth, human tissues, discarded or expired medicines and dental materials, highly contaminated with blood and saliva. Segregation and collection should be done in separate colour coded bags or containers; according to Biomedical Waste Rules, 2016 the Ministry of Environment and Forest in India. Poor management of wastes leads to high risk to public, patients and professionals and also contributes to environmental degradation.

Aim:

To assess the knowledge and awareness on management of biomedical waste management among orthodontists and practicing general dentists.

Materials and methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted through Google form (electronic based survey) among general practising dentists; survey consisted of 18 closed ended questions. The data collected were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS, descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test was performed (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).

Results:

83.8% practising dentists follow the biomedical waste disposal policy in their hospital or clinic, among which 91% use protective barriers (e.g. gloves, masks) during handling of biomedical waste. 63.1% disposed human anatomical waste and blood contaminated waste properly where only 55.9% disposed extracted teeth and human tissue in yellow bags. Significant association was found between management of incinerated ash and qualification among orthodontists ( p=0.019) and with experience of less than 1 year had proper knowledge; (p=0.021). Disposal of plaster of Paris was properly managed among general practioners (p=0.039). Management of sharps was done properly using needle destroyers among general dentists and orthodontists (p=0.041).

Conclusion:

Safe and effective management of biomedical waste is a legal necessity but also a social responsibility of dentists, according to this present survey 7 – 9.2 % of the dentists are not effectively following the biomedical waste management.

Keywords: Biomedical wastes, BMW, Health Care Facility, segregation, colour coded bags.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

The author of this review has no funding sources to declare.

How to Cite This Article: Monica K, R, A., Ramani, P., S, G., & P K, R. (2022). KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ON MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE AMONG ORTHODONTISTS AND GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS: Original research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.4

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 23-27

PATIENT’S PERCEPTION OF PAIN AND DISCOMFORT DURING MAXILLARY ARCH EXPANSION USING TWO DIFFERENT APPLIANCES - A PILOT QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

Dr. Nilesh Suresh 1 , Dr. Ravindra Kumar Jain 2

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences

Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077

ABSTRACT:

Aim:

To evaluate and compare perceived pain and discomfort levels experienced by subjects treated with tooth-borne (Hyrax) and bone-borne (MARPE) Maxillary expansion appliances.

Materials and Methods:

Ten subjects (7 boys and 3 girls) with a mean age of 15.8(+/- 2.8) years were randomized into two groups. Group A received a MARPE appliance anchored using mini-implants in the anterior palate and group B received a conventional Hyrax appliance. A self-assessment questionnaire on pain intensity, discomfort and analgesic consumption was given to subjects on the review visit and responses were collected. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test was done to compare the mean of pain and discomfort levels between the two groups.

Results:

All 10 subjects answered the questionnaire. More pain was experienced in the posterior teeth region by subjects treated with MARPE (p&lt;0.05). No significant intergroup difference in pain levels experienced in the anterior region, palatal vault and the head region and analgesic consumption was noted. (p&gt;0.05)

Conclusions:

Although both Hyrax and MARPE were generally well tolerated there was a significantly higher pain experience in posterior teeth region for subjects treated with MARPE.

Key Words: Maxillary expansion; Pain and discomfort; Mini-implants; Questionnaire

DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTERESTS:

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

FUNDING:

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

How to Cite This Article:

Nilesh Suresh, & Ravindra Kumar. (2022). PATIENT’S PERCEPTION OF PAIN AND DISCOMFORT DURING MAXILLARY ARCH EXPANSION USING TWO DIFFERENT APPLIANCES - A PILOT QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY: Original Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.5

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 16-22

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING FOLLOWING GINGIVECTOMY USING DIODE LASER AND ERBIUM, CHROMIUM-DOPED YTTRIUM, SCANDIUM, GALLIUM AND GARNET (Er:Cr:YSGG) LASER–IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FIXED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Inchara Naidu 1, Priya Lochana Gajendran 2, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals,

Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077

ABSTRACT:

Aim:

The aim of the current study is to compare the healing following gingivectomy procedures using the Diode system and Er:Cr:YSGG lasers in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methodology:

The study is a single center randomized controlled clinical study with a sample size of 40 patients who underwent gingivectomy using lasers. The patients were divided into two groups randomly (Group A= 20 and Group B= 20). Group A patients had undergone gingivectomy using diode laser (BIOLASE EPIC X,940 nm) and Group B patients had undergone gingivectomy using Er:Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase,2780nm). The patients were followed at day3, day 7 and day 14. The wound healing was assessed post laser application using a healing index by Landry et al at different time intervals. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Independent t test was used to compare the mean healing index score between the groups. Repeated measures ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni test was used for comparison of mean healing index scores of Group A and B at different time periods

Result:

When comparing the healing index at day 3 between the groups, there was no significant difference between the diode laser and erbium laser group (P = 0.24). Similarly at day 7 and at day 14, there were no significant differences between the groups (P= 0.20), (P= 0.18) at day 7 and day 14 respectively. When comparing the healing index score of gingivectomy with diode laser between different time intervals, there was a statistically significant healing was seen at day 14 (P = 0.001). The healing at day 14 was significantly better than day 3 and day 7 in the erbium laser group (P =0.001).

Conclusion:

Within study limits it is concluded that Er:Cr:YSGG lasers have better healing compared to diode lasers following laser assisted gingivectomy although the results are not statistically significant. Thus, the use of laser is an effective treatment approach in the management of orthodontic associate gingival enlargement.

Keywords: Diode, Er:Cr:YSGG; Gingivectomy; Healing; Innovative technology; Laser.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:

All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study.

SOURCE OF FUNDING:

The present project is funded by Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences.

Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Saveetha University.

How to Cite This Article: Priya Lochana Gajendran, & Inchara Naidu. (2022). COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING FOLLOWING GINGIVECTOMY USING DIODE LASER AND ERBIUM, CHROMIUM-DOPED YTTRIUM, SCANDIUM, GALLIUM AND GARNET (Er:Cr:YSGG) LASER–IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FIXED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.: Original Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.11

Review Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 10 -15

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN ORTHODONTIC INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH – A REVIEW

Hamad Alqahtani,

Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment can be part of a dental interdisciplinary treatment as a way to help other specialists in the team achieve efficient treatment results when dealing with complex cases. The team members must have basic and sufficient knowledge related to other disciplines if they are to have common ground for fruitful discussion of treatment options and possible solutions that will provide optimum esthetics and function, especially for adult patients. This article discusses important factors related to endodontics, periodontics, and restorative/prosthodontics and their interactions with orthodontics.

Keywords: interdisciplinary; orthodontics; endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None

SOURCE OF FUNDING

The author of this review has no funding sources to declare.

How to Cite This Article:

Alqahtani H, Factors to be Considered in Orthodontic Interdisciplinary Approach – A Review. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2022;13:1:10-15

Hamad Alqahtani. (2022). FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN ORTHODONTIC INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH – A REVIEW. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.14

Systematic Review

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 1 | Page : 01-09

MANDIBULAR ARCH CHANGES FOLLOWING EXPANSION WITH SCHWARZ APPLIANCE IN GROWING PATIENTS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.
Mathew Thomas Maliael1, R Navaneethan2, Ravindra Kumar Jain3
Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai – 600 077.

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives

The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate and assess the available evidence on arch dimensional changes in the mandible following expansion using Schwarz Appliance in growing patients.

Materials and Methods

The protocol for the review was registered with the PROSPERO database. A systematic search was done on the following scientific databases PubMed, Cochrane Central, LILACS and Google Scholar to identify articles of relevance published until April 2021. Articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The review was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. MINORS tool was used to evaluate the Risk of Bias and quality of evidence of the included studies.

Results

243 trials were identified after implementing the search strategy. After eliminating duplicates 196 trials remained. After screening the titles and abstracts for the eligibility criteria, 190 trials were eliminated from further review. Full text was sought for the remaining six articles and one study was eliminated after review of the full text. Four the included studies showed low Risk of Bias in their methodologies and one study showed a low risk of Bias in its methodology. Qualitative analysis was performed on the remaining five trials. The studies significant increase in the Intermolar, intercanine, interpremolar and arch perimeter and also observed significant up righting of the permanent mandibular first molar.

Conclusion

Arch dimensional changes in the mandible of growing patients after expansion using Schwarz Appliance are dento-alveolar in nature. No skeletal Expansion is seen.

Key Words: Expansion, Schwarz Appliance, Growing Patients.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors of this review have no conflict of interest to declare.

FUNDING

The authors of this review have no funding sources to declare.

How to Cite This Article:

R Navaneethan, Ravindra Kumar Jain, & Mathew Thomas Maliael. (2022). MANDIBULAR ARCH CHANGES FOLLOWING EXPANSION WITH SCHWARZ APPLIANCE IN GROWING PATIENTS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.: Original Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i1.15