Review Article

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 3 | Page : 1 - 10

The Effect of Melatonin and Its Agonist on Bone Metabolism: A Scoping Review

Sanjana Thiagarajan1 , Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan2 , Koduri Manoghna3 , R. Balasubramanian4 1,3,4 Post Graduate, 2Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai 600130, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr.Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan, MDS., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai-600130.

Contact: +919841289794.

E-Mail: umarevathigopalakrishnan@gmail.com.

Abstract

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of melatonin and its agonist on bone tissue through a systematic review of literature.

Materials and Methods:

The keywords [Melatonin OR Pineal Hormone OR Ramelteon OR Agomelatine OR Tasimelteon] AND [Bone OR Osteoblast OR Osteoclast OR Bone remodelling OR Bone Metabolism] were searched on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Title and abstracts were reviewed to exclude the duplicates and irrelevant articles. The full-text articles were then screened in accordance with the inclusion criteria.

Results:

Of the 963 identified articles [PubMed=788, Web of Science=122, Scopus=53], only 3 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria. The first study assessed effects of the oral melatonin on bone integrity and mass in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Whereas the other two evaluated the radiographic and clinical outcomes of dental implants with the local application of melatonin. All studies showed an improved outcome parameter in comparison with the control group. All three studies elicited a low risk of bias.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that melatonin has osteoinductive potential and has an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts, thereby improving the quality and rate of bone remodelling.

Keywords: Melatonin, Bone remodelling, Pineal hormone, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, Orthodontics.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest exist.

FUNDING

There are no funding agencies involved in the present study.

How to cite this article: Thiagarajan, S., Gopalakrishnan, U., Manoghna, K., & R, B. (2023). The Effect of Melatonin and Its Agonist on Bone Metabolism: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i3.826

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 4 | Page : 1-13

Assessing the cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera aqueous and ethanolic extract against oral pathogens extracted from periodontal and orthodontic patients – an in vitro study

Shanmugapriya Ramamurthy1 , Sheeja Varghese2 , Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan1 , Mahesh Kumar3 , Mayma Nathasha4 , Jeyaram Palinivel4

1Sri Venkateswara Dental College & Hospital, The TamilNadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, India, 600 130, Research Scholar, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 6000077. 2Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 6000077. 3Karpagavinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chengalpattu (DT) 603 308, 4Consultant Orthodontist,

Address for Correspondence

Dr.Shanmugapriya Ramamurthy

Sri Venkateswara Dental College & Hospital, The TamilNadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, India, 600130,

Email Id: drshanpriya@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background:

Periodontitis is the result of inflammation caused due to the activity of microorganisms. The prevalence of anaerobic organisms is more when it comes to periodontal pockets and orthodontic patients. Plants with phytochemicals that could exert antimicrobial effects could aid in host modulation for management of periodontitis caused by these bacteria in periodontal and orthodontic patients.

Aim:

To assess the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL) and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of MOL.

Materials and methods:

Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts were prepared by maceration. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and microorganisms were cultured in anaerobic environment. The microorganisms were treated with the extracts and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was assessed. The cytotoxic effects were assessed by brine shrimp assay.

Results:

Aqueous extract showed antimicrobial effect in dose and time dependent manner and both extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose and time dependent manner.

Summary and Conclusion:

The antimicrobial effect of MOL could be utilized to develop a nature derived local drug delivery system for treating plaque induced periodontitis in different clinical situations.

Key words: anaerobic organism, anti-microbial, cytotoxicity, dental plaque, Moringa oleifera Lam, periodontitis.

Conflict of interest:

No conflict of interest among authors in this study.

Sources of Funding:

Nil

How to Cite this Article: Assessing the cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Moringa Oleifera aqueous and ethanolic extract against oral pathogens extracted from periodontal and orthodontic patients – An In vitro study. Int J Orthod Rehabil.,13(4):1-13.

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 3 | Page : 22-33

Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan 1 , R.Sudhakar2 , A. Sumathi Felicita3 , K. Manikandan4 , Vidhya Selvaraj5 1 Professor, 5 Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara dental College and Hospital 2 Assc Professor, Dept of Pathology , Panimalar medical college, Hospital & Research Institute 3Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha dental College 4 Professor, Dept of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital

Address for Correspondence:

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan,

Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals Chennai – 600103,

Email: gopkr_uma@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Aim:

The present bibliometric analysis was conducted to find the evidence regarding microbial corrosion in dentistry since corrosion by whatever means affect the intraoral performance of the metallic appliances.

Materials and methods:

Material and methods: Dimensions software was used to search for published literature pertaining to the keywords “microbial corrosion” AND “dentistry”. Two reviewers assessed the articles in terms of year of publication, authors, country of origin, journal of publication, and the affiliated institutions of the authors as well as their collaborations and the most cited publications.

Results:

The search revealed a total of 3,118 articles between the years 2000 to 2022. The number of publications was on the rising pattern with a spike between 2004-2007, again with a small spike between 2014 and 2016 and then a steep increase from 2017 onwards.  The publications were almost equally split between Engineering science and Medical Sciences. United States topped the list of countries with 378 documents with total link strength of 106224. Sao Paulo University topped the list in terms of organizations with total link strength of 12722. The journal of Anatomia Histologia Embryologia topped with 136 publications followed by Materials with 94 publications. Valentim from Brazil topped the authors with 22 publications.

Conclusion:

Microbial corrosion is needs equal concentration as any other forms of intraoral corrosion given that oral cavity is loaded with huge varieties of microorganisms with some of them known to cause microbial corrosion like sulfate reducing bacteria. The recent decline in research and publications in this field especially in 2022 is concerning. More studies are needed to learn more on microbial corrosion and its effects in dentistry.

Keywords: microbial corrosion, dentistry, sulfate reducing bacteria

Source of Funding :

None

Conflict of Interest:

None

How to cite this article: Gopalakrishnan, U., R, S., Felicita, S., K, M., & Selvaraj, V. (2022). Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry: Bibliometric analysis on microbial corrosion in dentistry. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(3), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i3.482

Original Research

Year : 2022 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 1 - 13

Prevalence of anaerobic microbiota in orthodontic patients – scoping review

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan1, Vidhya Selvaraj2, Arvindh Kathir3, Samala Abhinaya4, Rajalakshmi Thakshinamoorthy5

1Professor, 2Senior Lecturer, 3, 4, 5 Post graduate, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai

Address for Correspondence:

Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan, MDS

Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospitals Chennai – 600103,

Email: gopkr_uma@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction:

Various appliances used in orthodontic treatment behave as plaque retentive sites which can harbor anaerobic microorganisms and this may be associated with a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases or induce a variety of other conditions. There are contrary reports regarding the increased load of anaerobes during orthodontic treatment. This review aims to analyze the orthodontic literature regarding the prevalence of anaerobes before, during and after orthodontic treatment.

Objective:

To analyze the literature on the prevalence of anaerobic microbiota and its relationship with orthodontics by using the keywords ―anaerobes‖ OR ―anaerobic microbiome‖ OR ―red complex bacteria‖ AND ―orthodontic‖ OR ―fixed appliance‖. The Pub med and Embase databases were searched till January 2022.

Results:

Orthodontic treatment increases the prevalence of anaerobic microbiota especially the orange and red complex bacteria. The removal of orthodontic appliances has shown a significant reduction in plaque along with the corresponding anaerobic pathogens.

Conclusion:

Proper maintenance of good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment is essential to reduce the anaerobic microbial load, thus diminishing the risk of periodontal problems.

Keywords: Anaerobes; Red complex bacteria; Orthodontic appliance;

Financial support and sponsorship - Nil

Conflicts of interest - There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite: Umarevathi Gopalakrishnan, Vidhya Selvaraj, Arvindh Kathir, Samala Abhinaya, & Rajalakshmi Thakshinamoorthy. (2022). PREVALENCE OF ANAEROBIC MICROBIOTA IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS – SCOPING REVIEW: Original research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.155

Received : 31.03.2022 Accepted:21.06.2022 Web Published: 30.06.2022